mirror of
https://github.com/thib8956/nginx-proxy
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364 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
364 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
  [](https://travis-ci.org/jwilder/nginx-proxy) [](https://hub.docker.com/r/jwilder/nginx-proxy 'DockerHub') [](https://hub.docker.com/r/jwilder/nginx-proxy 'DockerHub')
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nginx-proxy sets up a container running nginx and [docker-gen][1]. docker-gen generates reverse proxy configs for nginx and reloads nginx when containers are started and stopped.
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See [Automated Nginx Reverse Proxy for Docker][2] for why you might want to use this.
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### Usage
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To run it:
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
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Then start any containers you want proxied with an env var `VIRTUAL_HOST=subdomain.youdomain.com`
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$ docker run -e VIRTUAL_HOST=foo.bar.com ...
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The containers being proxied must [expose](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#expose-incoming-ports) the port to be proxied, either by using the `EXPOSE` directive in their `Dockerfile` or by using the `--expose` flag to `docker run` or `docker create`.
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Provided your DNS is setup to forward foo.bar.com to the host running nginx-proxy, the request will be routed to a container with the VIRTUAL_HOST env var set.
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### Image variants
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The nginx-proxy images are available in two flavors.
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#### jwilder/nginx-proxy:latest
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This image uses the debian:jessie based nginx image.
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$ docker pull jwilder/nginx-proxy:latest
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#### jwilder/nginx-proxy:alpine
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This image is based on the nginx:alpine image. Use this image to fully support HTTP/2 (including ALPN required by recent Chrome versions). A valid certificate is required as well (see eg. below "SSL Support using letsencrypt" for more info).
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$ docker pull jwilder/nginx-proxy:alpine
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### Docker Compose
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```yaml
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version: '2'
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services:
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nginx-proxy:
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image: jwilder/nginx-proxy
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container_name: nginx-proxy
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ports:
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- "80:80"
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volumes:
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- /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro
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whoami:
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image: jwilder/whoami
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container_name: whoami
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environment:
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- VIRTUAL_HOST=whoami.local
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```
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```shell
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$ docker-compose up
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$ curl -H "Host: whoami.local" localhost
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I'm 5b129ab83266
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```
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### IPv6 support
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You can activate the IPv6 support for the nginx-proxy container by passing the value `true` to the `ENABLE_IPV6` environment variable:
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -e ENABLE_IPV6=true -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
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### Multiple Ports
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If your container exposes multiple ports, nginx-proxy will default to the service running on port 80. If you need to specify a different port, you can set a VIRTUAL_PORT env var to select a different one. If your container only exposes one port and it has a VIRTUAL_HOST env var set, that port will be selected.
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[1]: https://github.com/jwilder/docker-gen
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[2]: http://jasonwilder.com/blog/2014/03/25/automated-nginx-reverse-proxy-for-docker/
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### Multiple Hosts
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If you need to support multiple virtual hosts for a container, you can separate each entry with commas. For example, `foo.bar.com,baz.bar.com,bar.com` and each host will be setup the same.
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### Wildcard Hosts
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You can also use wildcards at the beginning and the end of host name, like `*.bar.com` or `foo.bar.*`. Or even a regular expression, which can be very useful in conjunction with a wildcard DNS service like [xip.io](http://xip.io), using `~^foo\.bar\..*\.xip\.io` will match `foo.bar.127.0.0.1.xip.io`, `foo.bar.10.0.2.2.xip.io` and all other given IPs. More information about this topic can be found in the nginx documentation about [`server_names`](http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/server_names.html).
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### Multiple Networks
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With the addition of [overlay networking](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/networking/get-started-overlay/) in Docker 1.9, your `nginx-proxy` container may need to connect to backend containers on multiple networks. By default, if you don't pass the `--net` flag when your `nginx-proxy` container is created, it will only be attached to the default `bridge` network. This means that it will not be able to connect to containers on networks other than `bridge`.
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If you want your `nginx-proxy` container to be attached to a different network, you must pass the `--net=my-network` option in your `docker create` or `docker run` command. At the time of this writing, only a single network can be specified at container creation time. To attach to other networks, you can use the `docker network connect` command after your container is created:
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```console
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro \
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--name my-nginx-proxy --net my-network jwilder/nginx-proxy
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$ docker network connect my-other-network my-nginx-proxy
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```
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In this example, the `my-nginx-proxy` container will be connected to `my-network` and `my-other-network` and will be able to proxy to other containers attached to those networks.
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### SSL Backends
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If you would like the reverse proxy to connect to your backend using HTTPS instead of HTTP, set `VIRTUAL_PROTO=https` on the backend container.
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> Note: If you use `VIRTUAL_PROTO=https` and your backend container exposes port 80 and 443, `nginx-proxy` will use HTTPS on port 80. This is almost certainly not what you want, so you should also include `VIRTUAL_PORT=443`.
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### uWSGI Backends
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If you would like to connect to uWSGI backend, set `VIRTUAL_PROTO=uwsgi` on the
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backend container. Your backend container should then listen on a port rather
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than a socket and expose that port.
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### Default Host
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To set the default host for nginx use the env var `DEFAULT_HOST=foo.bar.com` for example
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -e DEFAULT_HOST=foo.bar.com -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
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### Separate Containers
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nginx-proxy can also be run as two separate containers using the [jwilder/docker-gen](https://index.docker.io/u/jwilder/docker-gen/)
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image and the official [nginx](https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/nginx/) image.
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You may want to do this to prevent having the docker socket bound to a publicly exposed container service.
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You can demo this pattern with docker-compose:
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```console
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$ docker-compose --file docker-compose-separate-containers.yml up
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$ curl -H "Host: whoami.local" localhost
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I'm 5b129ab83266
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```
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To run nginx proxy as a separate container you'll need to have [nginx.tmpl](https://github.com/jwilder/nginx-proxy/blob/master/nginx.tmpl) on your host system.
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First start nginx with a volume:
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx -v /tmp/nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d -t nginx
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Then start the docker-gen container with the shared volume and template:
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```
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$ docker run --volumes-from nginx \
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-v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro \
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-v $(pwd):/etc/docker-gen/templates \
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-t jwilder/docker-gen -notify-sighup nginx -watch /etc/docker-gen/templates/nginx.tmpl /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
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```
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Finally, start your containers with `VIRTUAL_HOST` environment variables.
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$ docker run -e VIRTUAL_HOST=foo.bar.com ...
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### SSL Support using letsencrypt
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[letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion](https://github.com/JrCs/docker-letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion) is a lightweight companion container for the nginx-proxy. It allow the creation/renewal of Let's Encrypt certificates automatically.
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### SSL Support
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SSL is supported using single host, wildcard and SNI certificates using naming conventions for
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certificates or optionally specifying a cert name (for SNI) as an environment variable.
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To enable SSL:
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -v /path/to/certs:/etc/nginx/certs -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
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The contents of `/path/to/certs` should contain the certificates and private keys for any virtual
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hosts in use. The certificate and keys should be named after the virtual host with a `.crt` and
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`.key` extension. For example, a container with `VIRTUAL_HOST=foo.bar.com` should have a
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`foo.bar.com.crt` and `foo.bar.com.key` file in the certs directory.
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If you are running the container in a virtualized environment (Hyper-V, VirtualBox, etc...),
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/path/to/certs must exist in that environment or be made accessible to that environment.
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By default, Docker is not able to mount directories on the host machine to containers running in a virtual machine.
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#### Diffie-Hellman Groups
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Diffie-Hellman groups are enabled by default, with a pregenerated key in `/etc/nginx/dhparam/dhparam.pem`.
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You can mount a different `dhparam.pem` file at that location to override the default cert.
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To use custom `dhparam.pem` files per-virtual-host, the files should be named after the virtual host with a
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`dhparam` suffix and `.pem` extension. For example, a container with `VIRTUAL_HOST=foo.bar.com`
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should have a `foo.bar.com.dhparam.pem` file in the `/etc/nginx/certs` directory.
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> NOTE: If you don't mount a `dhparam.pem` file at `/etc/nginx/dhparam/dhparam.pem`, one will be generated
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at startup. Since it can take minutes to generate a new `dhparam.pem`, it is done at low priority in the
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background. Once generation is complete, the `dhparams.pem` is saved on a persistent volume and nginx
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is reloaded. This generation process only occurs the first time you start `nginx-proxy`.
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> COMPATIBILITY WARNING: The default generated `dhparam.pem` key is 2048 bits for A+ security. Some
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> older clients (like Java 6 and 7) do not support DH keys with over 1024 bits. In order to support these
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> clients, you must either provide your own `dhparam.pem`, or tell `nginx-proxy` to generate a 1024-bit
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> key on startup by passing `-e DHPARAM_BITS=1024`.
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#### Wildcard Certificates
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Wildcard certificates and keys should be named after the domain name with a `.crt` and `.key` extension.
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For example `VIRTUAL_HOST=foo.bar.com` would use cert name `bar.com.crt` and `bar.com.key`.
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#### SNI
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If your certificate(s) supports multiple domain names, you can start a container with `CERT_NAME=<name>`
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to identify the certificate to be used. For example, a certificate for `*.foo.com` and `*.bar.com`
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could be named `shared.crt` and `shared.key`. A container running with `VIRTUAL_HOST=foo.bar.com`
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and `CERT_NAME=shared` will then use this shared cert.
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#### How SSL Support Works
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The SSL cipher configuration is based on the [Mozilla nginx intermediate profile](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx) which
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should provide compatibility with clients back to Firefox 1, Chrome 1, IE 7, Opera 5, Safari 1,
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Windows XP IE8, Android 2.3, Java 7. Note that the DES-based TLS ciphers were removed for security.
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The configuration also enables HSTS, PFS, and SSL session caches. Currently TLS 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2
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are supported. TLS 1.0 is deprecated but its end of life is not until June 30, 2018. It is being
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included because the following browsers will stop working when it is removed: Chrome < 22, Firefox < 27,
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IE < 11, Safari < 7, iOS < 5, Android Browser < 5.
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The default behavior for the proxy when port 80 and 443 are exposed is as follows:
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* If a container has a usable cert, port 80 will redirect to 443 for that container so that HTTPS
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is always preferred when available.
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* If the container does not have a usable cert, a 503 will be returned.
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Note that in the latter case, a browser may get an connection error as no certificate is available
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to establish a connection. A self-signed or generic cert named `default.crt` and `default.key`
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will allow a client browser to make a SSL connection (likely w/ a warning) and subsequently receive
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a 500.
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To serve traffic in both SSL and non-SSL modes without redirecting to SSL, you can include the
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environment variable `HTTPS_METHOD=noredirect` (the default is `HTTPS_METHOD=redirect`). You can also
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disable the non-SSL site entirely with `HTTPS_METHOD=nohttp`, or disable the HTTPS site with
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`HTTPS_METHOD=nohttps`. `HTTPS_METHOD` must be specified on each container for which you want to
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override the default behavior. If `HTTPS_METHOD=noredirect` is used, Strict Transport Security (HSTS)
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is disabled to prevent HTTPS users from being redirected by the client. If you cannot get to the HTTP
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site after changing this setting, your browser has probably cached the HSTS policy and is automatically
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redirecting you back to HTTPS. You will need to clear your browser's HSTS cache or use an incognito
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window / different browser.
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### Basic Authentication Support
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In order to be able to secure your virtual host, you have to create a file named as its equivalent VIRTUAL_HOST variable on directory
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/etc/nginx/htpasswd/$VIRTUAL_HOST
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```
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 \
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-v /path/to/htpasswd:/etc/nginx/htpasswd \
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-v /path/to/certs:/etc/nginx/certs \
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-v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro \
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jwilder/nginx-proxy
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```
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You'll need apache2-utils on the machine where you plan to create the htpasswd file. Follow these [instructions](http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/htpasswd.html)
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### Custom Nginx Configuration
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If you need to configure Nginx beyond what is possible using environment variables, you can provide custom configuration files on either a proxy-wide or per-`VIRTUAL_HOST` basis.
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#### Replacing default proxy settings
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If you want to replace the default proxy settings for the nginx container, add a configuration file at `/etc/nginx/proxy.conf`. A file with the default settings would
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look like this:
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```Nginx
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# HTTP 1.1 support
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_buffering off;
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proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
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proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Connection $proxy_connection;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $proxy_x_forwarded_proto;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Ssl $proxy_x_forwarded_ssl;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $proxy_x_forwarded_port;
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# Mitigate httpoxy attack (see README for details)
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proxy_set_header Proxy "";
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```
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***NOTE***: If you provide this file it will replace the defaults; you may want to check the .tmpl file to make sure you have all of the needed options.
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***NOTE***: The default configuration blocks the `Proxy` HTTP request header from being sent to downstream servers. This prevents attackers from using the so-called [httpoxy attack](http://httpoxy.org). There is no legitimate reason for a client to send this header, and there are many vulnerable languages / platforms (`CVE-2016-5385`, `CVE-2016-5386`, `CVE-2016-5387`, `CVE-2016-5388`, `CVE-2016-1000109`, `CVE-2016-1000110`, `CERT-VU#797896`).
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#### Proxy-wide
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To add settings on a proxy-wide basis, add your configuration file under `/etc/nginx/conf.d` using a name ending in `.conf`.
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This can be done in a derived image by creating the file in a `RUN` command or by `COPY`ing the file into `conf.d`:
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```Dockerfile
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FROM jwilder/nginx-proxy
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RUN { \
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echo 'server_tokens off;'; \
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echo 'client_max_body_size 100m;'; \
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} > /etc/nginx/conf.d/my_proxy.conf
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```
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Or it can be done by mounting in your custom configuration in your `docker run` command:
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -v /path/to/my_proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/my_proxy.conf:ro -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
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#### Per-VIRTUAL_HOST
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To add settings on a per-`VIRTUAL_HOST` basis, add your configuration file under `/etc/nginx/vhost.d`. Unlike in the proxy-wide case, which allows multiple config files with any name ending in `.conf`, the per-`VIRTUAL_HOST` file must be named exactly after the `VIRTUAL_HOST`.
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In order to allow virtual hosts to be dynamically configured as backends are added and removed, it makes the most sense to mount an external directory as `/etc/nginx/vhost.d` as opposed to using derived images or mounting individual configuration files.
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For example, if you have a virtual host named `app.example.com`, you could provide a custom configuration for that host as follows:
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -v /path/to/vhost.d:/etc/nginx/vhost.d:ro -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
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$ { echo 'server_tokens off;'; echo 'client_max_body_size 100m;'; } > /path/to/vhost.d/app.example.com
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If you are using multiple hostnames for a single container (e.g. `VIRTUAL_HOST=example.com,www.example.com`), the virtual host configuration file must exist for each hostname. If you would like to use the same configuration for multiple virtual host names, you can use a symlink:
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$ { echo 'server_tokens off;'; echo 'client_max_body_size 100m;'; } > /path/to/vhost.d/www.example.com
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$ ln -s /path/to/vhost.d/www.example.com /path/to/vhost.d/example.com
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#### Per-VIRTUAL_HOST default configuration
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If you want most of your virtual hosts to use a default single configuration and then override on a few specific ones, add those settings to the `/etc/nginx/vhost.d/default` file. This file
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will be used on any virtual host which does not have a `/etc/nginx/vhost.d/{VIRTUAL_HOST}` file associated with it.
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#### Per-VIRTUAL_HOST location configuration
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To add settings to the "location" block on a per-`VIRTUAL_HOST` basis, add your configuration file under `/etc/nginx/vhost.d`
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just like the previous section except with the suffix `_location`.
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For example, if you have a virtual host named `app.example.com` and you have configured a proxy_cache `my-cache` in another custom file, you could tell it to use a proxy cache as follows:
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$ docker run -d -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -v /path/to/vhost.d:/etc/nginx/vhost.d:ro -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
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$ { echo 'proxy_cache my-cache;'; echo 'proxy_cache_valid 200 302 60m;'; echo 'proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;' } > /path/to/vhost.d/app.example.com_location
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If you are using multiple hostnames for a single container (e.g. `VIRTUAL_HOST=example.com,www.example.com`), the virtual host configuration file must exist for each hostname. If you would like to use the same configuration for multiple virtual host names, you can use a symlink:
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$ { echo 'proxy_cache my-cache;'; echo 'proxy_cache_valid 200 302 60m;'; echo 'proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;' } > /path/to/vhost.d/app.example.com_location
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$ ln -s /path/to/vhost.d/www.example.com /path/to/vhost.d/example.com
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#### Per-VIRTUAL_HOST location default configuration
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If you want most of your virtual hosts to use a default single `location` block configuration and then override on a few specific ones, add those settings to the `/etc/nginx/vhost.d/default_location` file. This file
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will be used on any virtual host which does not have a `/etc/nginx/vhost.d/{VIRTUAL_HOST}_location` file associated with it.
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### Contributing
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Before submitting pull requests or issues, please check github to make sure an existing issue or pull request is not already open.
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#### Running Tests Locally
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To run tests, you need to prepare the docker image to test which must be tagged `jwilder/nginx-proxy:test`:
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docker build -t jwilder/nginx-proxy:test . # build the Debian variant image
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and call the [test/pytest.sh](test/pytest.sh) script.
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Then build the Alpine variant of the image:
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docker build -f Dockerfile.alpine -t jwilder/nginx-proxy:test . # build the Alpline variant image
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and call the [test/pytest.sh](test/pytest.sh) script again.
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If your system has the `make` command, you can automate those tasks by calling:
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make test
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You can learn more about how the test suite works and how to write new tests in the [test/README.md](test/README.md) file.
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